{"id":33125,"date":"2023-11-13T15:05:45","date_gmt":"2023-11-13T07:05:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deepin.org\/?p=33125"},"modified":"2023-11-17T09:38:57","modified_gmt":"2023-11-17T01:38:57","slug":"kernel-security-subsystem-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deepin.org.cn\/zh\/kernel-security-subsystem-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u5185\u6838\u5b89\u5168\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b80\u4ecb\uff08\u4e0a\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.deepin.org\/thread\/202311131459127695_\u4e0a-zh.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"900\" height=\"383\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1azhanglei<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Linux\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u5b89\u5168\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u53c8\u6709\u7740\u5343\u4e1d\u4e07\u7f15\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u96fe\u91cc\u770b\u82b1\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9Linux\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u7b97\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5165\u95e8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Linux\u5185\u6838\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u5927\u6982\u5305\u62ec\u4e0b\u9762\u51e0\u4e2a\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\uff08AC\uff0cAccess Control\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u3002AC\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8981\u7ba1\u7406Linux\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u4f53\uff08\u5982\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff09\u5230\u5e95\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u4f53\uff08\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u91c7\u53d6\u67d0\u4e9b\u8bbf\u95ee\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u5982\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff09\u3002\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u53c8\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>\u81ea\u4e3b\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\uff08DAC\uff09\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u5217\u8868(ACL)\u4ee5\u53ca\u6743\u80fd\u6a21\u578b\uff08POSIX capabilities\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u5f3a\u5236\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\uff08MAC\uff09\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u542c\u8bf4\u8fc7\u7684SELinux\u4e0eAppArmor\u90fd\u662fMAC<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u7528\u6237\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff08Authentication\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8bc6\u522b\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u3001\u7269\u7406\u7684\u4eba\u662fLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ce8\u518c\u8d26\u53f7<\/li>\n<li>\u8d44\u6e90\u9694\u79bb\uff0c\u5c06\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u7b49\uff09\u9694\u79bb\u5f00\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u4e92\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd<\/li>\n<li>\u914d\u989d\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5bf9\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u8d44\u6e90\u914d\u989d\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9650\u5b9a\u67d0\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6216\u8005\u67d0\u4e9b\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6700\u591a\u5360\u7528\u591a\u5c11\u8d44\u6e90\u7b49<\/li>\n<li>\u7cfb\u7edf\u6c99\u7bb1\uff0c\u9650\u5b9a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u8c03\u7528\u67d0\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u53c2\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u67d0\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528<\/li>\n<li>\u53ef\u4fe1\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u6821\u9a8c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4ece\u786c\u4ef6\u6821\u9a8cbootloader\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff0c\u4ecebootloader\u6821\u9a8c\u5185\u6838\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7b49\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u6821\u9a8c\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u9884\u5148\u5bf9\u539f\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884chash\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6563\u5217\u503c\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u533a\uff0c\u518d\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u524d\u6821\u9a8c\u6563\u5217\u503c\u662f\u5426\u6709\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684<\/li>\n<li>\u5b89\u5168\u5ba1\u8ba1\uff0c\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55\u5b89\u5168\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b89\u5168\u5ba1\u8ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u67e5\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4fee\u8865\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u518d\u6b21\u53d1\u751f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898<\/li>\n<li>\u900f\u660e\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u900f\u660e\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u5bc6\u94a5\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u88ab\u52a0\u5bc6\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u6062\u590d\u51fa\u660e\u6587\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u5f97\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u5bc6\u94a5\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u80fd\u50cf\u8bbf\u95ee\u660e\u6587\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u6837\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bc6\u6587\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<li>\u7f51\u7edc\u9632\u62a4\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u51fa\u672c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u68c0\u67e5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7a0d\u5fae\u5c55\u5f00\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e0b\u5404\u4e2a\u5b89\u5168\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>\u5728Linux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\uff0c\u81ea\u4e3b\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u6307\u7684\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u4e3b\uff08owner\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u7684DAC\u8bbe\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4\u662f<code>chmod<\/code>\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7c7b\uff0c\u5373\u5c5e\u4e3b\uff08u\uff0cuser\uff09\uff0c\u4e0e\u5c5e\u4e3b\u540c\u7ec4\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff08g\uff0cgroup\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u7528\u6237\uff08o\uff0cothers\uff09\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u5219\u5305\u62ec\u8bfb\uff08r\uff0cread\uff09\u3001\u5199\uff08w\uff0cwrite\uff09\u4e0e\u6267\u884c\uff08x\uff0cexecute\uff09\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u90fd\u662f\u4e09\u4e2a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e00\u822c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e09\u4e2a\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6file1\u7684\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5c5e\u4e3b\u53ef\u8bfb\u53ef\u5199\uff0c\u540c\u7ec4\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u8bfb\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c<code>chmod 0644 file1<\/code>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d6\u5373\u4e3a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7684100 + \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u768410\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u5c5e\u4e3b\u53ef\u8bfb\u4e0e\u53ef\u5199\uff0c4\u5373\u4e3a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7684100\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u540c\u7ec4\u53ef\u8bfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5176\u5b83\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u8bfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650\u88ab\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7684inode\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u51ed\u8bc1\u5219\u662f\u5728\u5185\u6838\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684<code>task_struct<\/code>\u7684<code>struct cred *real_cred<\/code>\u4e0e<code>struct cred *cred<\/code>\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u5185\u6838\u4f1a\u5bf9inode\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u4e0e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u51ed\u8bc1\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e0eDAC\u68c0\u67e5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4eceUnix\u6cbf\u88ad\u800c\u6765\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684DAC\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u5206\u7c7b\u7c92\u5ea6\u592a\u7c97\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u6267\u884c\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\uff0cLinux\u53c8\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9488\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u6216\u8005\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u662f<code>setfacl<\/code>\u4e0e<code>getfacl<\/code>\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7f16\u7801\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u5c5e\u6027<code>system.posix_acl_access<\/code>\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u8d26\u53f7\uff0c\u5373root\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2abug\u7ea7\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u6743\u9650\u5bf9\u4e8eroot\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\uff0croot\u53ef\u4ee5\u8df3\u8fc7DAC\u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u53d6\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u4e00\u65e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u4e86root\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4ed6\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Linux\u4e0b\u4e3a\u6240\u6b32\u4e3a\u4e86\u3002\u800c\u6709\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u65e2\u9700\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9700\u8981\u6709root\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u53c8\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64*nix\u53c8\u53d1\u660e\u4e86setuid\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5c06\u67d0\u4e2a\u5c5e\u4e3b\u4e3aroot\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u5728\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\u62e5\u6709root\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u9000\u51fa\u6b64\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\u5219\u6062\u590d\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5305\u62ec\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u539f\u59cb\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684<code>ping<\/code>\u3001\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539<code>\/etc\/shadow<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u7684<code>passwd<\/code>\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u6b64\u7c7b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e\u88ab\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5373\u53ef\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a\u6240\u6b32\u4e3a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cLinux\u53c8\u9075\u5faaPOSIX\u7684\u6743\u80fd\u6a21\u578b\uff08capabilities\uff09\uff0c\u5c06\u4f20\u7edf\u7684root\u6743\u9650\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5ba1\u8ba1\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u5c5e\u4e3b\u3001\u53d1\u4fe1\u53f7\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u539f\u59cb\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u67d0\u4e2a\u539f\u672c\u9700\u8981setuid\u6743\u9650\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7<code>setcap<\/code>\u7b49\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u6743\u80fd\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u88ab\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5229\u7528\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u7279\u6743\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7279\u6743\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e3a\u6240\u6b32\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0cDAC\u6700\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u63a7\u5236\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5c5e\u4e3b\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b89\u5168\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6574\u4f53\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u51fa\u5728\u6700\u77ed\u677f\u4e0a\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8eDAC\uff0c\u5b83\u6700\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u201c\u4e0d\u6015\u795e\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\uff0c\u5c31\u6015\u732a\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u961f\u53cb\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u732a\u961f\u53cb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5f3a\u5236\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\uff08MAC\uff09\u88ab\u63d0\u4e0a\u4e86\u65e5\u7a0b\u3002\u5f3a\u5236\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u5b89\u5168\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\uff08\u6216\u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\uff09\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u65bdMAC\uff0c\u9650\u5b9a\u8fdc\u6bd4DAC\u66f4\u7ec6\u81f4\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728MAC\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9650\u5b9a\u5373\u4f7f\u90fd\u662f\u7531root\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u7531init\u542f\u52a8\u7684nginx\u624d\u80fd\u7ed1\u5b9a80\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ecebash\u542f\u52a8\u7684nginx\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u7ed1\u5b9a8080\u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684MAC\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u5c40\uff08NSA\uff09\u5f00\u53d1\u7684SELinux\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u4e3a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684MAC\uff0c\u5728Android\u4e2d\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u4e86\u5b83\u3002SELinux\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u57fa\u4e8e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684TE\uff08Type Enforcement\uff09\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bc6\u7ea7\u7684MLS\uff08MultiLevel Security\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u540c\u5bc6\u7ea7\u4e0b\u4e0d\u540c\u5206\u7c7b\u7684MCS\uff08MultiCategory Security\uff09\u7b49\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u89d2\u8272\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5212\u5206\uff0cSELinux\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\uff08RBAC\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8fc7SELinux\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u732a\u961f\u53cb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6765\u8bf4\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u592a\u9ebb\u70e6\u4e86\u3002\u7f3a\u7701\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u3001\u5341\u51e0\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u3001\u4e0a\u5343\u4e2a\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u6570\u5343\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u4e0a\u4e07\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u8981\u6b63\u786e\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u751a\u81f3\u4fee\u6539\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6765\u8bf4\u90fd\u662f\u6781\u5927\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u65b0\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u6e90\u6e90\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u65e7\u6709\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u5347\u7ea7\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e8b\u540e\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u517c\u5bb9\u8d1f\u62c5\u65e5\u76ca\u52a0\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u7528\u6237\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>Linux\u5728\u7528\u6237\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e0a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662fPAM\uff08\u53ef\u63d2\u62d4\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6a21\u5757\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>PAM\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6240\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u9a8c\u8bc1\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u666e\u901a\u767b\u5f55\u3001ssh\u767b\u5f55\u7b49\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u3002\u5728Linux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e2aPAM\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8d1f\u8d23\u4f7f\u7528\u7528\u6237\u540d\u5bc6\u7801\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684<code>pam_unix.so<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u62d2\u7edd\u7528\u6237\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684<code>pam_deny.so<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u901a\u8fc7\u7528\u6237\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684<code>pam_permit.so<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u822c\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u672c\u65b9\u5f0f\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u5730\u8fdb\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e3alogin\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8fdb\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e3asshd\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762\u65b9\u5f0f\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u5730\u8fdb\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e3alightdm\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8d1f\u8d23\u9274\u522b\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7PAM\u673a\u5236\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>login\u7b49\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e76\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u8d28\u7684Linux\u7528\u6237\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65b9\u5f0f\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5bf9PAM\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684<code>pam_unix.so<\/code>\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7528\u6237\u540d\u4e0e\u5bc6\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u914d\u7f6e<code>pam_fprintd<\/code>\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u6237\u5728\u4f7f\u7528login\u6216\u8005lightdm\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u7eb9\u8fdb\u884c\u7528\u6237\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86PAM\u7684login\u7b49\u7a0b\u5e8f\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u900f\u660e\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86PAM\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u9274\u522b\u529f\u80fd\u4ece\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e2d\u72ec\u7acb\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5355\u72ec\u8fdb\u884c\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9274\u522b\u6a21\u5757\u5efa\u7acb\u6807\u51c6 API\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5404\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u80fd\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u9274\u522b\u673a\u5236\u5bf9\u5176\u4e0a\u5c42\u7528\u6237\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u6700\u7ec8\u7528\u6237\uff09\u662f\u900f\u660e\u7684\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>PAM\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u5206\u5c42\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5f0f\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u56db\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6a21\u5757:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7ba1\u7406\uff08auth\uff09\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u8fdb\u884c\u7528\u6237\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662fPAM\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec4\u5408\u8ba4\u8bc1<\/li>\n<li>\u8d26\u53f7\u7ba1\u7406\uff08account\uff09\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u7406\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8d26\u6237\u662f\u5426\u8fc7\u671f\u4e86\uff0c\u8d26\u6237\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u5141\u8bb8\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u7b49<\/li>\n<li>\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7ba1\u7406\uff08session\uff09\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5728\u7528\u6237\u5efa\u7acb\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e4b\u524d\u6216\u8005\u9500\u6bc1\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e4b\u540e\u5904\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8bb0\u5f55\u5ba1\u8ba1\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6302\u8f7d\/\u5378\u8f7d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u7b49<\/li>\n<li>\u53e3\u4ee4\u7ba1\u7406\uff08password\uff09\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u66f4\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u8f93\u5165\u786e\u8ba4\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u573a\u666f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>PAM\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u5728\/etc\/pam.d\/\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6a21\u5757\u5c06\u6309\u7167\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6807\u8bb0\uff08control flag\uff09\u7684\u503c\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6807\u8bb0\u503c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>required\uff1a\u6240\u6709 required \u6a21\u5757\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u8fd0\u884c\u5230\u5e95\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5219\u5931\u8d25\u4fe1\u606f\u5c06\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5230\u6700\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u90fd\u6210\u529f\u4e86\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u6210\u529f<\/li>\n<li>sufficient\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a sufficient \u7684\u6a21\u5757\u8fd4\u56de\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5148\u524d\u6ca1\u6709 required \u6216 sufficient \u6a21\u5757\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5219\u5ffd\u7565\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5176\u4f59\u6a21\u5757\u5e76\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>optional\uff1a\u5982\u679cPAM\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u662f required \u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a sufficient \u6a21\u5757\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5219\u81f3\u5c11\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a optional \u6a21\u5757\u8fd4\u56de\u6210\u529f\u624d\u7b97\u6210\u529f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6807\u8bb0\u503c\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u5728PAM\u914d\u7f6e\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u5341\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982success\u3001open_err\u3001new_authtok_reqd\u3001default\u3001ignore\u7b49\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u5305\u62ecok\u3001ignore\u3001bad\u3001done\u3001die\u7b49\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684required\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f[success=ok new_authtok_reqd=ok ignore=ignore default=bad]\u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u800csufficient\u5219\u662f[success=done new_authtok_reqd=done default=ignore]\u7684\u7f29\u5199\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u662flogin\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u7684PAM\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a<code>\/etc\/pam.d\/login<\/code>\uff09\u7684\u6837\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.deepin.org\/thread\/202311131504521478_1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1087\" height=\"738\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5#\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u6bcf\u884c\u6587\u5b57\u662f\u6ce8\u91ca\uff08\u5df2\u7ecf\u5220\u9664\u4e86\u5927\u90e8\u5206\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5auth\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u6bcf\u884c\u6587\u5b57\u662f\u8ba4\u8bc1\u76f8\u5173\u7684PAM\u6a21\u5757\u53ca\u5176\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5session\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u6bcf\u884c\u6587\u5b57\u662f\u4f1a\u8bdd\u76f8\u5173\u7684PAM\u6a21\u5757\u53ca\u5176\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5@include\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u884c\u5219\u662f\u5c06\u5176\u5b83PAM\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5bfc\u5165\u4e86\u672c\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u4e0e\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684PAM\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f83\u8be6\u7ec6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u624b\u5de5\u4fee\u6539\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u524dPAM\u6a21\u5757\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f20\u7edfPAM\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0e\u5404\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u57fa\u4e8econsole\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762\u652f\u6301\u4ecd\u9700\u6539\u8fdb<\/li>\n<li>\u5927\u91cf\u65b0\u578b\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u5982\u4eba\u8138\u8bc6\u522b\u3001\u8679\u819c\u8bc6\u522b\u3001\u6307\u7eb9\u8bc6\u522b\u7b49\uff09\u9700\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u53d1\u76f8\u5e94\u7684PAM\u6a21\u5757\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u5185\u5bb9\u6765\u6e90\uff1adeepin\u793e\u533a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u8f6c\u8f7d\u8bf7\u6ce8\u660e\u51fa\u5904<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1azhanglei Linux\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u5b89\u5168\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u53c8\u6709\u7740\u5343\u4e1d\u4e07\u7f15\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u96fe\u91cc\u770b\u82b1\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9Linux\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u7b97\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5165\u95e8\u3002 Linux\u5185\u6838\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u5927\u6982\u5305\u62ec\u4e0b\u9762\u51e0\u4e2a\uff1a \u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\uff08AC\uff0cAccess Control\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u3002AC\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8981\u7ba1\u7406Linux\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u4f53\uff08\u5982\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff09\u5230\u5e95 ...<a 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